光敏剂在光动力治疗中的应用研究进展

光动力疗法（PDT）以其超高时空分辨率、非侵入性及低毒副作用的优点，被认为是治疗癌症和各种非恶性疾病的有效疗法之一。本文主要综述了几类光敏剂发展历史、主要结构、特点及研究进展，分析了高性能光敏剂的开发动态，包括化学修饰；与具有特定细胞受体的其他配体缀合成复合光敏剂；采取纳米技术，如纳米颗粒输送，基于富勒烯的光敏剂等。基于此，指出具有临床应用前景的高性能光敏剂的基本特征、设计原则及发展趋势。     

α-Methylene-β-Lactone Scaffold for Developing Chemical Probes at the Two Ends of the Selectivity Spectrum

The utilities of an α-methylene-β-lactone (MeLac) moiety as a warhead composed of multiple electrophilic sites are reported. We demonstrate that a MeLac-alkyne not only reacts with diverse proteins as a broadly reactive measurement probe, but also recruits reduced endogenous glutathione (GSH) to assemble a selective chemical probe of GSH-β-lactone (GSH-Lac)-alkyne in live cells. Tandem mass spectrometry reveals that MeLac reacts with nucleophilic cysteine, serine, lysine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, through either Michael or acyl addition. A peptide-centric proteomics platform demonstrates that the proteomic selectivity profiles of orlistat and parthenolide, which have distinct reactivities, are measurable by MeLac-alkyne as a high-coverage probe. The GSH-Lac-alkyne selectively probes the glutathione S-transferase P responsible for multidrug resistance. The assembly of the GSH-Lac probe exemplifies a modular and scalable route to develop selective probes with different recognizing moieties.     

Chemical durability and surface alteration of lanthanide zirconates (A2Zr2O7: A = La-Yb)

Chemical durability of lanthanide zirconates (A₂Zr₂O₇) (A = La-Yb) under near-field environments is important for evaluating their application as potential nuclear waste forms. In this work, A₂Zr₂O₇ (A = La-Yb) are synthesized by spark plasma sintering with controlled microstructure and their chemical durability are evaluated in a nitric acid solution (pH = 1). Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals an amorphous passivation film either enriched with Zr or lanthanide. The complex chemistry of the passivation films can be correlated with a transition in corrosion mechanisms from a preferential release of lanthanide in La₂Zr₂O₇ to a preferential release of Zr in Er₂Zr₂O₇ and Yb₂Zr₂O₇. These results suggest a dominant mechanism of incongruent dissolution and surface reorganization for the formation of passivation films. Strong correlations are identified between the leaching rates and cation ionic size, ionic potential, electronegativity differences between A-site cation and Zr, and bonding valence sum of oxygen, suggesting important impacts of structural and bonding characteristics in controlling chemical durability of lanthanide zirconates.     

涪陵地区茅三段热液白云岩展布影响因素分析

针对热液白云岩展布非均质性强的问题,开展基底断裂与茅三段沉积演化关系研究,分析断裂样式与白云岩分布关系,建立沉积演化模式,预测白云岩的分布。研究结果表明:茅三段可划分为5个小层,1~3小层为白云岩发育主要时期,4~5小层为台地均一化时期,不发育白云岩;15-1、15-2和16号基底断裂控制了早期“台-洼”相间的沉积地貌,断裂附近的地貌高部位为生屑滩发育有利部位,为白云岩的发育提供物质基础;15-1、15-2号基底断裂样式为花状,周边生屑滩白云石化程度高,为白云岩发育最有利区;16号基底断裂为直立状,附近白云石化发育程度较低,为白云岩发育较有利区。研究成果可为热液白云岩领域的进一步勘探提供指导依据。     

抑制锌枝晶的新型负极材料ZnSO4·3Zn(OH)2·H2O@石墨烯的制备

锌的可充电电池有良好的电化学性能,但锌枝晶的问题会导致其库伦效率降低,发生短路,甚至形成"死锌".利用沉淀法制备新型复合材料ZnSO4·3Zn(OH)2·H2O@石墨烯作为电池的负极,使用2 mol/L K2SO4作为电解液,利用沉淀-溶解机制以达到实现抑制锌枝晶的目的.采用X线衍射仪(XRD)对循环前后的负极材料进行表征,用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观察其形貌,结果表明,制备的新型负极材料在2 mol/L K2SO4电解液中能够完成1000次全放电/充电循环,库伦效率接近100％,容量保持80％,可以有效抑制锌枝晶,以实现电池的长循环稳定性.     

Recent progress of efficient flexible solar cells based on nanostructures

Flexible solar cells are important photovoltaics (PV) technologies due to the reduced processing temperature,less ma-terial consumption and mechanical flexibility,thus they have promising applications for portable devices and building-integ-rated applications.However,the efficient harvesting of photons is the core hindrance towards efficient,flexible PV.Light man-agement by nanostructures and nanomaterials has opened new pathways for sufficient solar energy harvesting.Nanostruc-tures on top surfaces provide an efficient pathway for the propagation of light.Aside from suppressing incident light reflection,micro-structured back-reflectors reduce transmission via multiple reflections.Nanostructures themselves can be the absorber lay-er.Photovoltaics based on high-crystallinity nanostructured light absorbers demonstrate enhanced power conversion effi-ciency (PCE) and excellent mechanical flexibility.To acquire a deep understanding of the impacts of nanostructures,herein,a concise overview of the recent development in the design and application of nanostructures and nanomaterials for photovolta-ics is summarized.     

一种改进的特征匹配算法在碎片云测量建模中的应用

为满足超高速撞击典型Whipple防护构型的损伤评估需求,利用图像处理技术对碎片云序列阴影图像进行深入研究。使用超高速序列激光阴影成像仪得到三组不同实验条件下碎片云发展过程的高清阴影图像,分别对每组最具代表性的2帧进行图像处理分析;根据碎片云图像特点以及碎片运动特性,提出了一种改进的碎片二次特征匹配算法,该方法包含碎片粗定位、特征定义及初匹配和精确匹配三步策略;通过运用改进的匹配算法,对选取的相邻两帧图片完成碎片高效匹配,并提取匹配碎片的运动参数,进而分析碎片的速度分布和飞行角度分布,获取二次碎片云相关运动特性;得到三组实验各自的轨迹模拟图。根据得到的轨迹分析结果分别对三组实验的后板损伤进行估计,并通过与防护构型的实际损伤结果进行比较,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Nanovaccine-Mediated Cell Selective Delivery of Neoantigens Potentiating Adoptive Dendritic Cell Transfer for Personalized Immunization

Neoantigen vaccines and adoptive dendritic cell (DC) transfer are major clinical approaches to initiate personalized immunity in cancer patients. However, the immunization efficacy is largely limited by the in vivo trajectory including neoantigens’ access to resident DCs and DCs’ access to lymph nodes (LNs). Herein, an innovative strategy is proposed to improve personalized immunization through neoantigen-loaded nanovaccines synergized with adoptive DC transfer. It is found that it enables selective delivery of neoantigens to resident DCs and macrophages by coating cancer cell membranes onto neoantigen-loaded nanoparticles. In addition, the nanovaccines promote the secretion of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, and C-X-C motif ligand 10 from macrophages, thus potentiating the access of transferred DCs to LNs. This immunization strategy enables coordinated delivery of identified neoantigens and autologous tumor lysate-derived undefined antigens, leading to initiation of antitumor T cell immunity in a personalized manner. It significantly inhibits tumor growth in prophylactic and established mouse tumor models. The findings provide a new vision for potentiating adoptive cell transfer by nanovaccines, which may open the door to a transformative possibility for improving personalized immunization.     

响应面法优化白芷中欧前胡素的提取工艺

采用高效液相色谱法测定欧前胡素的含量，以水提液中欧前胡素提取率为实验指标，在单因素试验的基础之上，以提取温度、提取时间、液料比为考察因素，利用Box-Behnken Design响应面法进行三因素三水平试验设计。响应面法优选出白芷中欧前胡素的最佳提取工艺为提取温度72℃、液料比8倍、提取时间1.5 h,在该条件下欧前胡素提取率为0.97%。本研究优化的白芷中欧前胡素的提取工艺方便、稳定。     

The Highly Effective Cobalt Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Catalyst for One Pot Oxidative Esterification Under Mild Conditions

Catalysis Letters - The cobalt-based metal organic frameworks (Co-MOFs) catalyst has been prepared with using terephthalic acid and 4,4′-bipyridine as organic linkers by facile solvothermal...